What does SLE stand for?
Despite recent improvements in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), disease activity, comorbidities and drug toxicity significantly contribute to the risk of progressive irreversible damage accrual and increased mortality in patients with this chronic disease. Moreover, even lupus pa ā¦
What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Jan 27, 2022Ā Ā· Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or just called lupus, is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the production of several types of antibodies. Lupus is a systemic or multi-organ disease that means that can affect almost any tissue or organ system. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease of exacerbations and remissions ā¦
What is the basis for drug development for SLE?
Abstract. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) induced by drugs, primarily hydralazine and procainamide, is reviewed and compared with idiopathic SLE, and the use of these drugs in patients with idiopathic SLE is discussed. The etiology of SLE is unclear, but genetic predisposition is an important factor. Although more than 25 drugs have been suggested as ā¦
Is there a cure for SLE?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with significant clinical heterogeneity. Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic, molecular and cellular basis of autoimmune diseases and especially SLE have ā¦
What are the 5 stages of rehab?
Don't Forget the RehabPhase 1 - Control Pain and Swelling.Phase 2 - Improve Range of Motion and/or Flexibility.Phase 3 - Improve Strength & Begin Proprioception/Balance Training.Phase 4 - Proprioception/Balance Training & Sport-Specific Training.Phase 5 - Gradual Return to Full Activity.
What is latest treatment of SLE?
A new biologic for systemic lupus erythematosus may help reduce corticosteroid use. People living with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a new drug option. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved anifrolumab (Saphnelo) in early August ā the first new drug approved for SLE in 10 years.
What are the phases of drug treatment?
The four stages of treatment are: Treatment initiation. Early abstinence. Maintaining abstinence.Feb 17, 2022
What does rehabilitation mean in drugs?
Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin or amphetamines.
What drugs are approved for SLE?
TreatmentHydroxychloroquine (HCQ): HCQ is an antimalarial agent approved for SLE in 1957. ... Glucocorticoids (GCs): GCs that are often used include methylprednisolone and prednisone. ... Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants include azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and cyclophosphamide (CYC).More items...ā¢Sep 17, 2019
Is lupus treated with chemotherapy drugs?
Although chemotherapy drugs can be used to treat lupus and cancer, lupus is not cancer. For some patients whose kidneys or central nervous systems are affected by lupus, a type of drug called an immunosuppressive may be used.Feb 22, 2019
What are the 3 P's of recovery?
3 āP'sā for Recovery: Passion, Power and Purpose.Aug 18, 2016
What are the 4 stages of recovery?
The 4 Stages of Complete RehabilitationRest and Protect the Injury. The first stage of recovery is all about minimising further damage and letting the body begin the healing process. ... Recover Your Motion. ... Recover Your Strength. ... Recover Your Function.
What are the 4 levels of addiction?
While there are many factors that contribute to drug and alcohol addiction, including genetic and environmental influences, socioeconomic status, and preexisting mental health conditions, most professionals within the field of addiction agree that there are four main stages of addiction: experimentation, regular use, ...
What is the most difficult part of the rehabilitation process?
According to Hayward, the most difficult part of the rehab process was mental, not physical.Sep 16, 2018
What is rehabilitation phase?
The goals during the initial phase of the rehabilitation process include limitation of tissue damage, pain relief, control of the inflammatory response to injury, and protection of the affected anatomical area.
What is the process of rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation is the process of helping an individual achieve the highest level of function, independence, and quality of life possible. Rehabilitation does not reverse or undo the damage caused by disease or trauma, but rather helps restore the individual to optimal health, functioning, and well-being.
What drugs cause SLE?
Although more than 25 drugs have been suggested as causes of SLE, the majority of confirmed cases of drug-induced SLE involve hydralazine or procainamide. Parts of these chemical compounds apparently interact with nucleoproteins, causing stimulation of antinuclear antibody (ANA) production. The average age of patients with drug-induced SLE is ...
What is the drug used for lupus erythematosus?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) induced by drugs, primarily hydralazine and procainamide, is reviewed and compared with idiopathic SLE, and the use of these drugs in patients with idiopathic SLE is discussed.
What is the treatment for lupus erythematosus?
Fever, rash, musculoskeletal manifestations, and serositis generally respond to treatment with hydroxychloroquine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and steroids in low to moderate doses, as necessary, for acute flares.
What is methotrexate used for?
Methotrexate is used for managing arthritis, serositis, cutaneous, and constitutional symptoms.
What is the best medicine for arthritis?
Due to toxicity, cyclophosphamide is reserved for severe organ-threatening disease. At the other end of the spectrum, methotrexate or azathioprine may be helpful for milder arthritis or skin disease.
Is azathioprine a steroid?
Azathioprine is an immunosuppressant and a less toxic alternative to cyclophosphamide. It is used as a steroid-sparing agent in nonrenal disease. Azathioprine antagonizes purine metabolism and inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
What is the Blys protein?
Belimumab inhibits the biologic activity of B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS); BLyS is a naturally occurring protein required for survival and for development of B-lymphocyte cells into mature plasma B cells that produce antibodies.
Is Rituximab a monoclonal antibody?
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody and an immunosuppressant that eliminates mature circulating B-cells. Rituximab (Rituxan) View full drug information. B-cell depletion with rituximab has been used successfully for rheumatoid arthritis, but it has shown mixed results for the treatment of SLE.
Does methotrexate help with arthritis?
It blocks purine synthesis and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), thus increasing anti-inflammatory adenosine concentration at sites of inflammation. Methotrexate ameliorates symptoms of inflammation and is particularly useful in arthritis treatment.
What is SLE treatment?
ABSTRACT: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease presenting with varying degrees of organ and system involvement. Treatment currently includes antimalarials, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Delayed diagnosis of SLE and decreased quality of life warrant an improvement in classification as well as in treatment.
What are the current treatments for SLE?
However, many agents have come and gone from pipelines without gaining approval. As of early 2019, rigerimod (Lupuzor), interferon-alpha (IFNļ”) kinoid, atacicept, and obexelimab are in various stages of phase III investigations, and their approvals are highly anticipated. Targets for new drug development include major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II receptors, IFN-alpha, BLyS/a proliferationāinducing ligand (APRIL), and CD19/FcyRIIb receptors. Additional potential novel products that are already approved in the United States but not currently indicated for SLE include ustekinumab and baricitinib, which target interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 and Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 inhibitors, respectively. Further investigation of these agents is warranted.
What is the inflammation of the kidneys called?
The inflammation of the kidneys, referred to as lupus nephritis (LN), can damage the kidney and its ability to filter blood; 35% of SLE patients are found to have LN at SLE diagnosis and 50% to 60% develop LN within 10 years of SLE diagnosis.
What drugs cause lupus erythematosus?
Drugs that commonly cause DILE include hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, minocycline, diltiazem, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.
What are the complications of SLE?
Other complications associated with the disease include vasculitis, alopecia, mouth ulcerations, nephritis, pericarditis, peripheral neuropathy, cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. 2,3. Severe SLE can lead to inflammation of vital organs such as the brain and kidneys.
How common is SLE in the world?
Incidence rates of SLE around the world are approximately 1 to 10 per 100,000 person/years, and prevalence rates range from 20 to 70 per 100,000 person/years. Persons of African, Asian, or Hispanic descent are at a higher risk of presenting with SLE than persons of European descent. 1.
What are the biological agents used for SLE?
Biological Agents: Biological agents used in the treatment of SLE include rituximab and belimumab, both monoclonal antibodies. Rituximab targets B cells and is used to treat renal and CNS presentations of SLE. This agent is recognized as a second- or third-line agent for active disease.
How common is SLE in the world?
The global rates of SLE are approximately 20ā70 per 100,000 people. In females, the rate is highest between 45 and 64 years of age. The lowest overall rate exists in Iceland and Japan. The highest rates exist in the US and France. However, there is not sufficient evidence to conclude why SLE is less common in some countries compared to others; it could be the environmental variability in these countries. For example, different countries receive different levels of sunlight, and exposure to UV rays affects dermatological symptoms of SLE. Certain studies hypothesize that a genetic connection exists between race and lupus which affects disease prevalence. If this is true, the racial composition of countries affects disease and will cause the incidence in a country to change as the racial makeup changes. To understand if this is true, countries with largely homogenous and racially stable populations should be studied to better understand incidence. Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear.
What causes low platelet count in SLE?
Anemia is common in children with SLE and develops in about 50% of cases. Low platelet count and white blood cell count may be due to the disease or a side effect of pharmacological treatment. People with SLE may have an association with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (a thrombotic disorder), wherein autoantibodies to phospholipids are present in their serum. Abnormalities associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome include a paradoxical prolonged partial thromboplastin time (which usually occurs in hemorrhagic disorders) and a positive test for antiphospholipid antibodies; the combination of such findings have earned the term " lupus anticoagulant -positive". Another autoantibody finding in SLE is the anti-cardiolipin antibody, which can cause a false positive test for syphilis.
What are the symptoms of lupus?
Other than the ACR criteria, people with lupus may also have: 1 fever (over 100 Ā°F/ 37.7 Ā°C) 2 extreme fatigue 3 hair loss 4 fingers turning white or blue when cold ( Raynaud's phenomenon)
What is lupus erythematosus?
Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary between people and may be mild to severe.
Where is HMGB1 found?
Elevated expression of HMGB1 was found in the sera of people and mice with systemic lupus erythematosus, high mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1) is a nuclear protein participating in chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation.
Who was the first person to describe lupus?
The neoclassical period began in 1851 when the skin disease which is now known as discoid lupus was documented by the French physician, Pierre Cazenave. Cazenave termed the illness lupus and added the word erythematosus to distinguish this disease from other illnesses that affected the skin except they were infectious. Cazenave observed the disease in several people and made very detailed notes to assist others in its diagnosis. He was one of the first to document that lupus affected adults from adolescence into the early thirties and that facial rash is its most distinguishing feature.
What is the name of the disease that attacks the body's immune system?
Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. Symptoms vary between people and may be mild to severe. Common symptoms include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, mouth ulcers, ...